The Center for Constitutional Rights has a strong practice of engaging with international human rights bodies to bring attention to our issues and uplift the experiences of those most impacted by the U.S. government’s failures to protect and uphold human rights. Independent human rights experts regularly review whether governments are in compliance with their human rights obligations. The Center for Constitutional Rights engages with these experts by drafting shadow reports and other advocacy materials, providing testimony, lobbying, and working in coalition with our partners to use these opportunities to highlight serious human rights violations.
The Center for Constitutional Rights has played a critical role during periodic reviews of the U.S. government by UN treaty bodies, including those that review the United States’ compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racism (CERD), and during the cumulative Universal Periodic Review (UPR). In addition, the Center for Constitutional Rights advocates before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the regional rights body for the western hemisphere).
2025 Universal Periodic Review — Center for Constitutional Rights Submissions
Together with civil society and academic partners, the Center for Constitutional Rights contributed to or endorsed six stakeholder submissions that will inform the UN Human Rights Council’s 2025 review of the United States’ human rights record. The reports address death by incarceration; water injustices as a manifestation of environmental racism; the expansion of the “terrorism” framework and vast surveillance infrastructure used to repress expression; U.S. complicity in advancing violations of domestic and international law in Gaza by exporting arms to Israel; the practice of forced prison labor in the United States; and the criminalization of homelessness and poverty.
The 2025 Universal Period Review (UPR) marks the fourth cycle of peer review of the United States and coincides with a political moment defined by the accelerated disintegration of democracy and the evaporation of fundamental rights. As participants in the UPR process, civil society is urging the international community to take seriously the dangerous political reality and anti-democratic, anti-rights agenda of the Trump administration—to not only raise concerns with the United States as part of the review, but to take urgent, meaningful action to disrupt the U.S.’s suspension of its international human rights obligations.
- Death by Incarceration in the United States (with Abolitionist Law Center, Amistad Law Project, California Coalition for Women Prisoners, Drop LWOP, Release Aging People in Prison, Right to Redemption [R2R], and the Sentencing Project)
- Drinking Water and Sanitation Justice: Advancing the human right to water & the recognition of water injustices as manifestations of environmental racism (with Center for Global Law and Justice, Northeastern University School of Law; EarthRights International; Project South; Black Hills Clean Water Alliance; Centreville Citizens for Change; St. Louis University School of Law, Human Rights at Home Litigation Clinic; The Descendants Project; as well as Makani Themba [Jackson, MS], Stephanie R. Amiotte [Oglala Lakota], Michelle Leighton [Labour Migration Branch, ILO] and Sarah Paoletti [University of Pennsylvania Carey School of Law])
- Entrenching Authoritarianism: Expanding the Terrorism Framework and the Infrastructure of Surveillance to Repress Expression and Stifle Dissent (with Asian Law Caucus, Center on Privacy & Technology at Georgetown Law, Community Justice Project, International Justice Clinic at UC Irvine Law School, Muslim Advocates, Sierra Club - Georgia Chapter, University of Dayton Human Rights Center)
- Exporting Complicity: U.S. Arms to Israel and the Breakdown of Legal Accountability (with Cornell Law School International Human Rights Clinic, University of Toronto Faculty of Law, International Human Rights Program, and International Human Rights Clinic, Boston University School of Law)
- Forced Prison Labor in the United States (with Abolitionist Law Center, American Civil Liberties Union, Promise of Justice Initiative, and Southern Poverty Law Center)
- Housing Insecurity and the Criminalization of Homelessness and Poverty in New York, United States of America (by National Homelessness Law Center and Northeastern University School of Law, The Center for Global Law and Justice)
2019-2020 Universal Periodic Review - Center for Constitutional Rights Submission
The Center for Constitutional Rights condemns the United States' continued disregard for international human rights, which, coupled with rising xenophobia and white nationalism, threatens the protection of human rights worldwide. This report considers developments since the United States' Second Review in 2015 and provides brief updates and analysis on four areas of deep concern: 1) the continued, arbitrary, and indefinite detention of Muslim men at the Guantánamo Bay prison; 2) the suspension of human rights for non-white refugees and asylum seekers; 3) the legalized repression of human rights defenders, including advocates for Palestinian rights, Indigenous water protectors, and Black activists organizing for racial justice; and 4) the legalized discrimination and heightened criminalization of queer and transgender people.
- Center for Constitutional Rights Organizational Report
- Oral Intervention UN HRC 46 | UPR outcome of the United States
2015 Universal Periodic Review - Center for Constitutional Rights Submissions
In May 2015, the U.S. government was reviewed for the second time under the Universal Period Review (UPR) process, a process in which a country’s entire human rights record is examined by the United Nations Human Rights Council. Through shadow reports and civil society dialogue, the Center for Constitutional Rights urged the U.S. government to move from rhetoric to action and to take concrete steps towards complying with its full international human rights obligations.
- U.S. Human Rights Obligations with Respect to Protection of the Palestinian People and Human Rights Defenders
- Arab and Muslim Student Freedom of Expression
- The Use of Prolonged Solitary Confinement in United States Jails, Prisons and Detention Centers
- U.S. Accountability and Reparations for Ongoing Human Rights Violations in Iraq
2010-2011 Universal Periodic Review - Center for Constitutional Rights submissions
In March 2011, the United States government accepted recommendations made by the UN Human Rights Council. This marked the first time the United States was reviewed under the UPR process. In response, the Center for Constitutional Rights released the following analysis:
- Short Critique and Statement of U.S. Engagement with the UPR Process
- From Rhetoric to Action: A Report on U.S. Engagement with the Universal Periodic Review Process
CCR engaged with the 2010-2011 process by contributing to or authoring the following reports:
- Political Repression: Continuum of Domestic Repression
- Political Repression - Political Prisoners
- Human Rights Abuses Committed by the New York City Police Department
- The Persistence, in the United States, of Discriminatory Profiling Based on Race, Ethnicity, Religion and National Origin
- Stakeholder Submission on United States Obligations to Respect, Protect and Remedy Human Rights in the Context of Business Activities